Portal:Toolforge/Admin/Kubernetes/Jobs framework

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Task T285944

This page contains information about operating the Toolforge Jobs Framework, an architecture to support grid-like jobs on Toolforge kubernetes.

The framework

The framework is called Toolforge Jobs Framework (or TJF). The main component is a REST API to ease end user interaction with Toolforge jobs in the kubernetes cluster. The API abstracts away most of the k8s gory details for configuring, removing, managing and reading status on jobs. The abstraction approach is similar to what is being done with Toolforge webservices (we have the webservice command there), but with an approach that consist on having most of the business logic in an API service.

By splitting the software into several components, and introducing an stable API, we aim to reduce maintenance burden by not needing to rebuild all Toolforge docker containers every time we change some internal mechanism (which is the case of the tools-webservice package).

Toolforge jobs.png

The framework consists on 3 components:

  • jobs-framework-api (gerrit) (gitiles) --- uses flask-restful and runs inside the k8s cluster as a webservice. Offers the REST API that in turn interacts with the k8s API native objects: CronJob, Job and Deployment.
  • jobs-framework-cli (gerrit) (gitiles) --- command line interface to interact with the jobs API service. Typically used by end users in Toolforge bastions.
  • jobs-framework-emailer (gerrit) (gitiles) --- a daemon that uses the official k8s python client and asyncio. It runs inside k8s, listen to pod events, and email users about their jobs activity.

The REST API is freely usable within Toolforge, both bastion servers and kubernetes pods. This means that a running job can interact with the Toolforge jobs API and CRUD other jobs.

Auth

Toolforge jobs-auth.png

To ensure that Toolforge users only manage their own jobs, TJF uses kubernetes certificates for client authentication. These x509 certificates are automatically managed by maintain-kubeusers, and live in each user home directory: 

toolsbeta.test@toolsbeta-sgebastion-04:~$ egrep client-certificate\|client-key .kube/config
    client-certificate: /data/project/test/.toolskube/client.crt
    client-key: /data/project/test/.toolskube/client.key
toolsbeta.test@toolsbeta-sgebastion-04:~$ head -1 /data/project/test/.toolskube/client.crt
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
toolsbeta.test@toolsbeta-sgebastion-04:~$ head -1 /data/project/test/.toolskube/client.key
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

The jobs-framework-api component needs to know the client certificate CommonName. With this information, jobs-framework-api can supplant the user by reading again the x509 certificates from the user home, and use them to interact with the kubernetes API. This is effectively a TLS proxy that reuses the original certificate.

In the current Toolforge webservice setup, TLS termination is done at the nginx front proxy. The front proxy talks to the backends using plain HTTP, with no simple options for relaying or forwarding the original client TLS certs. That's why the jobs-framework-api doesn't use the main Toolofrge ingress setup.

This results in two types of connections, as shown in the diagram above:

  • connection type 1: an user contacts jobs-framework-api using k8s client TLS certs from its home directory. The TLS connection is established to the ingress-ngnx-jobs, which has the client-side TLS termination. This can happen from a Toolforge bastion, or from a Job already running inside kubernetes. The connection can be made either using jobs-framework-cli or directly contacting jobs-framework-api programmatically by other methods.
  • connection type 2: once the CommonName of the original request certificate is validated, jobs-framework-api can load the same k8s client TLS certificate from the user home, and supplant the user to contact the k8s API. For this to be possible, the jobs-framework-api component needs permissions for every user home directory, pretty much like maintain-kubeusers has.

This setup is possible because the x509 certificates are maintained by the maintain-kubeusers component, and because jobs-framework-api runs inside the kubernetes cluster itself and therefore can be configured with enough permissions to read each users home.

More or other authentication mechanisms can be introduced in the future as we detect new use cases.

The Toolforge front proxy exists today basically for webservices running in the grid. Once the grid is fully deprecated and we no longer need the front proxy, we could re-evaluate this whole situation and simplify it.

Ingress & TLS

The jobs-framework-api doesn't use a kubernetes ingress deployment. Instead, it deploys its own nodeport service in the jobs-api namespace.

The jobs-specific one is able to read TLS client certificates and pass the ssl-client-subject-dn HTTP header to the pod running the toolforge-jobs-api webservice. With this information toolforge-jobs-api can load again the client cert when talking to the k8s API on behalf of the original user.

The way this whole ingress/TLS setup works is as follows:

  • The FQDN jobs.svc.toolsbeta.eqiad1.wikimedia.cloud that points to the k8s haproxy VIP address.
  • The haproxy system listens on 30001/TCP for this jobs-specific ingress (and in 30000/TCP for the general one).
  • The haproxy daemon reaches all k8s worker nodes on 30001/TCP, where there is a nodeport service in the jobs-api namespace, that redirects packets to the jobs-api deployment.
  • The deployment consist on 1 pod with 2 containers: nginx & the jobs-framework-api itself.
  • The nginx container handles the TLS termination and proxies the API by means of a socket.
  • Once the TLS certs are verified the proxy injects the HTTP header ssl-client-subject-dn to jobs-framework-api, which contains the CN= information of the original user.
  • With the ssl-client-subject-dn header, jobs-framework-api can load again the client certificate from the original user home on NFS and in turn contact the k8s API using them.

About logs

Logs produced by jobs should not be made available using kubectl logs because that means the stderr/stdout of the pod is being RW in the etcd cluster. If left unattended, logs produced by jobs can easily hammer and bring down our etcd clusters.

Logs should be stored in each user NFS home directory, until we come up with some holistic solution at kubernetes level like https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/logging/

Endpoints

Some relevant URLs:

Please note that as of this writing the API endpoints are only available within Toolforge / Cloud VPS (internal IP address, no floating IP).

Deployment and maintenance

Information on how to deploy and maintain the framework.

jobs-framework-api

deployment

See Portal:Toolforge/Admin/Kubernetes/Custom_components.

maintenance

To see logs, try something like: 

user@toolsbeta-test-k8s-control-4:~$ sudo -i kubectl logs deployment/jobs-api -n jobs-api nginx
[..]
192.168.17.192 - - [15/Feb/2022:12:57:54 +0000] "GET /api/v1/containers/ HTTP/1.1" 200 2655 "-" "python-requests/2.21.0"
192.168.81.64 - - [15/Feb/2022:12:59:50 +0000] "GET /api/v1/list/ HTTP/1.1" 200 3 "-" "python-requests/2.21.0"
192.168.17.192 - - [15/Feb/2022:13:00:34 +0000] "GET /api/v1/containers/ HTTP/1.1" 200 2655 "-" "python-requests/2.21.0"
192.168.81.64 - - [15/Feb/2022:13:01:01 +0000] "GET /api/v1/containers/ HTTP/1.1" 200 2655 "-" "python-requests/2.21.0"
192.168.17.192 - - [15/Feb/2022:13:01:02 +0000] "POST /api/v1/run/ HTTP/1.1" 409 52 "-" "python-requests/2.21.0"
user@toolsbeta-test-k8s-control-4:~$ sudo -i kubectl logs deployment/jobs-api -n jobs-api webservice
[..]
*** Operational MODE: single process ***
mounting api:app on /
Adding available container: {'shortname': 'tf-bullseye-std', 'image': 'docker-registry.tools.wmflabs.org/toolforge-bullseye-standalone:latest'}
Adding available container: {'shortname': 'tf-buster-std-DEPRECATED', 'image': 'docker-registry.tools.wmflabs.org/toolforge-buster-standalone:latest'}
Adding available container: {'shortname': 'tf-golang', 'image': 'docker-registry.tools.wmflabs.org/toolforge-golang-sssd-base:latest'}
Adding available container: {'shortname': 'tf-golang111', 'image': 'docker-registry.tools.wmflabs.org/toolforge-golang111-sssd-base:latest'}
Adding available container: {'shortname': 'tf-jdk17', 'image': 'docker-registry.tools.wmflabs.org/toolforge-jdk17-sssd-base:latest'}
[..]

To verify the API endpoint is up try something like: 

user@toolsbeta-test-k8s-control-4:~$ curl https://jobs.svc.toolsbeta.eqiad1.wikimedia.cloud:30001/api/v1/list -k
<html>
<head><title>400 No required SSL certificate was sent</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>400 Bad Request</h1></center>
<center>No required SSL certificate was sent</center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.21.0</center>
</body>
</html>

The 400 error is expected in that example because we're not sending a TLS client certificate, meaning nginx is doing its work correctly.

See how many jobs of a given type are defined: 

user@tools-k8s-control-1:~$ sudo -i kubectl get jobs -A -l app.kubernetes.io/managed-by=toolforge-jobs-framework -l app.kubernetes.io/component=jobs
No resources found      <-- this is somewhat normal, jobs may be short-lived
user@tools-k8s-control-1:~$ sudo -i kubectl get cronjob -A -l app.kubernetes.io/managed-by=toolforge-jobs-framework -l app.kubernetes.io/component=cronjobs
NAMESPACE                NAME                              SCHEDULE           SUSPEND   ACTIVE   LAST SCHEDULE   AGE
tool-admin               updatetools                       19,39,59 * * * *   False     0        3m57s           31d
tool-botriconferme       botriconferme-full                0,10 22,23 * * *   False     0        16h             27h
tool-botriconferme       botriconferme-purge-log           0 0 1 * *          False     0        <none>          27h
tool-botriconferme       botriconferme-quick               */15 * * * *       False     0        2m57s           27h
tool-cdnjs               update-index                      17 4 * * *         False     1        12d             34d
[..]
user@tools-k8s-control-1:~$ sudo -i kubectl get deploy -A -l app.kubernetes.io/managed-by=toolforge-jobs-framework -l app.kubernetes.io/component=deployments
NAMESPACE              NAME                          READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
tool-cluebot3          cluebot3                      1/1     1            1           10d
tool-fixsuggesterbot   fix-suggester-bot-consume     1/1     1            1           198d
tool-fixsuggesterbot   fix-suggester-bot-subscribe   1/1     1            1           198d
tool-majavah-bot       t1-enwiki                     1/1     1            1           18d
tool-mjolnir           mjolnir                       1/1     1            1           186d
tool-mjolnir           uatu                          1/1     1            1           183d
[..]

jobs-framework-cli

deployment

A simple debian package installed on the bastions. See Portal:Toolforge/Admin/Packaging.

jobs-framework-emailer

deployment

See Portal:Toolforge/Admin/Kubernetes/Custom_components.

maintenance

Service logs: 

user@tools-k8s-control-1:~$ sudo -i kubectl -n jobs-emailer logs deployment/jobs-emailer

Live configuration can be seen with: 

user@tools-k8s-control-1:~$ sudo -i kubectl -n jobs-emailer get cm jobs-emailer-configmap -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  [..]
data:
  debug: "yes"
  email_from_addr: noreply@toolforge.org
  email_to_domain: tools.wmflabs.org
  email_to_prefix: tools
  send_emails_for_real: "yes"
  smtp_server_fqdn: mail.tools.wmflabs.org
  smtp_server_port: "25"
  task_compose_emails_loop_sleep: "400"
  task_read_configmap_sleep: "10"
  task_send_emails_loop_sleep: "10"
  task_send_emails_max: "10"
  task_watch_pods_timeout: "60"

Values can be edited with kubectl -n jobs-emailer edit cm jobs-emailer-configmap. Editing some value will trigger a live reconfiguration (no need to restart anything).

API docs

This section contains concrete details for the API that TJF introduces.

TODO: this is outdated, we need swagger or similar to keep this up-to-date.

POST /api/v1/run/

Creates a new job in the kubernetes cluster.

POST /api/v1/run/ details
The following content has been placed in a collapsed box for improved usability.


Request parameters
name datatype required comment
name string yes Name identification for the new job
cmd string yes Job command line to execute, including arguments
type string yes Job container type
schedule string optional If present, job will be scheduled. String is cron syntax, like */1 * * * *. Mutually exclusive with continuous.
continuous boolean optional If true, job will be persistent. Mutually exclusive with schedule.

Example request data: 

{
  "name": "myjob",
  "cmd": "./myscript.py --once",
  "type": "toolforge-buster-sssd",
  "schedule": "*/1 * * * *"
}
The above content has been placed in a collapsed box for improved usability.

GET /api/v1/show/{name}/

Shows information about a job in the kubernetes cluster.

GET /api/v1/show/{name}/ details
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Request parameters
name datatype required comment
name string yes Job name identification
Response parameters
name datatype comment
name string Job name identification
cmd string Job command line, including arguments
type string Job container type
schedule string Job schedule string in cron syntax, like */1 * * * *
continuous boolean True if job is persistent
state string Job current state

Example response JSON data: 

{
  "name": "myjob",
  "cmd": "./myscript.py --once",
  "type": "python",
  "continuous": false,
  "state"; "finished"
}
The above content has been placed in a collapsed box for improved usability.

DELETE /api/v1/delete/{name}

Delete a job in the kubernetes cluster.

DELETE /api/v1/delete/{name} details
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Request parameters
name datatype required comment
name string yes Job name identification
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GET /api/v1/list/

Shows information about all user jobs in the kubernetes cluster.

GET /api/v1/list/ details
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There are no request parameters.

Response parameters (list)
name datatype comment
name string Job name identification
cmd string Job command line, including arguments
type string Job container type
schedule string Job schedule string in cron syntax, like */1 * * * *
continuous boolean True if job is persistent
state string Job current state

Example response JSON data: 

[
  {
    "name": "myjob",
    "cmd": "./myscript.py --once",
    "type": "toolforge-buster-sssd",
    "continuous": false,
    "state": "finished"
  },
  {
    "name": "myotherjob",
    "cmd": "./myotherscript.py --once",
    "type": "toolforge-buster-sssd",
    "schedule": "*/1 * * * *",
    "state": "running"
  }
]
The above content has been placed in a collapsed box for improved usability.

DELETE /api/v1/flush/

Delete all user jobs in the kubernetes cluster.

DELETE /api/v1/flush/ details
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There are no request parameters.

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GET /api/v1/containers/

Shows information about all containers available for jobs in the kubernetes cluster.

GET /api/v1/containers/ details
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There are no request parameters.

Response parameters (list)
name datatype comment
name string container shortname
type string container URL

Example response JSON data: 

[
    {
        "name": "tf-buster",
        "type": "docker-registry.tools.wmflabs.org/toolforge-buster-sssd:latest"
    },
    {
        "name": "tf-buster-std",
        "type": "docker-registry.tools.wmflabs.org/toolforge-buster-standalone:latest"
    }
]
The above content has been placed in a collapsed box for improved usability.


See also

Some upstream kubernetes documentation pointers:

Related components:

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