Gerrit

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We use Gerrit for our code review system for Git. It supersedes the CodeReview MediaWiki extension we have used for Subversion.

Quick links

Details

Gerrit is installed on cobalt in the prefix /var/lib/gerrit2. A mostly-cold replica runs at gerrit2001.

It is a Java daemon which listens for HTTP connections (port 8080) and SSH connections (port 29418). Apache proxies the relevant URLs on port 80 and 443 through to Gerrit. The SSH port provides a restricted shell for Git checkouts and administrative commands.

It uses the m2 DB cluster, database name "reviewdb", for most storage. Git repositories are stored at `/srv/gerrit/git/`

It uses the LDAP instance shared with Wikimedia Cloud Services and various other things, for authentication. Accounts under ou=people,dc=wikimedia,dc=org and groups under ou=groups,dc=wikimedia,dc=org are exposed to Gerrit. The Gerrit account name is the "cn" field in LDAP. In order to log in to Gerrit, a user needs to already have a Wikimedia developer account. See Help:Getting Started for the process of getting a developer account.

To find out what version of Gerrit is running, you can use either of the following two commands: 

java -jar /var/lib/gerrit2/review_site/bin/gerrit.war version
ssh -p 29418 gerrit.wikimedia.org gerrit version

It is 2.14.8-22-g07c8aa9910 at the time of writing.

Using git

See mw:Gerrit/Tutorial and mw:Gerrit/Advanced usage. Alternatively, you can follow the Git & Gerrit codelab.

Database install

Database installation is handled by Gerrit installation process, you simply need a user named 'gerrit2' with appropriate privileges. Make sure to set the charset of the database to utf8.

Replace <PASSWORD> below and apply: 

 CREATE USER 'gerrit2'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY <PASSWORD>;
 CREATE DATABASE reviewdb;
 ALTER DATABASE reviewdb charset=utf8;
 GRANT ALL ON reviewdb.* TO 'gerrit2'@'localhost';
 FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

Upgrade procedures

Prerequisites

  1. Install OpenJDK 8 and git (openjdk-8-jdk and git packages on Debian)
  2. Install Bazel as of Februrary 2019 this requires bazel 0.22.0

Update our repository

  1. Clone gerrit and submodules and add upstream as a remote
    git clone https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/operations/software/gerrit
cd gerrit
git remote add upstream https://gerrit.googlesource.com/gerrit
  2. Checkout the stable-X branch that tracks the current upstream release. As of 2018-08-01 X is 2.15
    git checkout stable-2.15 origin/stable-2.15
  3. Fetch upstream and fast-forward our branch to the latest tag and push the stable-X branch directly to gerrit
    git fetch --tags upstream/2.15
git merge --ff-only v2.15.8
git push origin stable-2.15
  4. Checkout wmf/stable-X and merge the latest tag, push the resulting SINGLE merge commit up for review
    git checkout wmf/stable-2.15
git merge v2.15.12
  5. Resolve any conflicts that may arise 
    git submodule update --init --recursive
  6. Push for review. At this point, you will likely be ahead of wmf/stable-2.15 by...quite a bit (hundreds of patches). This is all within a single merge commit though, so Be Bold — push up your changes:
    git push origin HEAD:refs/for/wmf/stable-2.15/v2.15.12

Now the world has frowned on your endeavor. You need to update submodules — oh dear! The easiest way I've found to do this is to make (gasp!) a shell script. Here's a file to put into your path called gerrit-submodule-update.sh

#!/usr/bin/env bash

VERSION="$1"
BRANCH="$2"

if [[ "$path" = "plugins/go-import" ]]; then
  return
fi
if [[ "$path" = "plugins/wikimedia" ]]; then
  return
fi
git fetch
if git rev-parse "$VERSION" &>/dev/null; then
    git checkout "$VERSION"
else
    git checkout "$BRANCH"
    git pull --ff-only
fi

Now updating submodules becomes kinda-sorta easier:

# You are in a maze of special little cases all the same
git submodule foreach 'gerrit-submodule-update.sh "v2.15.8" "stable-2.15"'
# we maintain our own fork of go-import for the time being (as of 2019-01-11), so handle that seperately
cd ./plugins/go-import
git fetch upstream
git merge --ff-only upstream/stable-2.15
git push origin stable-2.15
cd ../..
# we "maintain" (which may be too strong of a word) our own plugin
cd ./plugins/wikimedia
git fetch
git checkout master
cd ../..
git commit
git push origin HEAD:refs/for/wmf/stable-2.15


Build Gerrit

  1. Checkout the wmf/stable-X as of 2018-08-01 X is 2.15
    git checkout -b wmf/stable-2.15 origin/wmf/stable-2.15
  2. Build the bazel-bin/release.war
    bazel build release

Troubleshooting

Current Bazel version is 0.18.1, expected at least 0.19.0 
Bazel updates all the time, update your bazel version from the bazel website (ensure you verify the version signature with the [ https://bazel.build/bazel-release.pub.gpg bazel-release.pub.gpg] key
curl: (35) error:1425F102:SSL routines:ssl_choose_client_version:unsupported protocol 
bazel shells out to curl to download things and, sadly, repo.eclipse.org only supports TLSv1 openssl s_client -connect repo.eclipse.org:443 -tls1. You can modify your openssl settings in /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf. If your MinProtocol is set to TLSv1.2 (because you're awesome) — change it to TLSv1 (because not everyone is awesome). Be sure to change it back when you're done.

Upload artifacts

  1. Copy the resulting bazel-bin/release.war to somewhere safe
  2. Checkout the deploy/wmf/stable-X branch that aligns with the build branch
  3. Copy in the release.war you saved as ./gerrit.war
  4. Unzip the war file to a temporary location
  5. Copy all the files in WEB-INF/plugins/* over to ./plugins in the deploy branch
  6. Commit the changes, upload to Gerrit, etc
  7. Run ./upload_artifacts.py --version=2.15.2 gerrit.war plugins/foo.jar ... for the core application and all updated plugins (cf: Archiva, specifically setting up your ~/.m2/settings.xml
    Note: Alternatively, you can upload them by using the web UI, but that gets repetitive over a bunch of plugins so I wrote the tool above

Deploying

  1. SSH to the deployment master
  2. Navigate to /srv/deployment/gerrit/gerrit
  3. Fetch & checkout the appropriate deploy/wmf/stable-X branch
  4. Deploy to gerrit2001 to ensure that there are no errors with git-fat et al scap deploy -l gerrit2001.wikimedia.org 'Gerrit to [version] on gerrit2001'
  5. Deploy to cobalt scap deploy -l cobalt.wikimedia.org 'Gerrit to [version] on cobalt'
  6. If you're only deploying plugins, you're done, otherwise SSH to the Gerrit master and issue sudo service gerrit restart

Upgrading the database

When upgrading between major versions (or minor versions that have schema changes--for now), follow these steps:

  1. Back up the database (reviewdb on m2) just in case
    Note: This is going away soon
  2. Stop puppet
  3. Stop the gerrit daemon
  4. Start gerrit using the "init" flag. `cd /var/lib/gerrit2/review_site/ && sudo java -jar bin/gerrit.war init --batch --no-auto-start --skip-all-downloads`
    Note: Yes, this requires sudo. We do this because we don't want gerrit to actually be able to write to its config files, but the "init" process requires it. Puppet will fix permissions later.
  5. Re-enable & then run puppet. This will fix permissions, the config file back to exactly how we expect, and then restart Gerrit for us

Migrating

Example migration ticket (cobalt -> gerrit1001): https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T222391

Topic branch from gerrit1001 migration: https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/q/topic:%22gerrit1001%22+(status:open%20OR%20status:merged)

Follow these steps to migrate from one server to another:

Make sure you run rsync with --delete

  • Rsync /srv/gerrit/git/ , /srv/gerrit/plugins and /var/lib/gerrit2/review_site/ from <old_host> to <new_host>
    • rsync --archive --verbose --delete /srv/gerrit/git/ rsync://gerrit1001.wikimedia.org/gerrit-data/git/
    • rsync --archive --verbose --delete /srv/gerrit/plugins/ rsync://gerrit1001.wikimedia.org/gerrit-data/plugins/
    • rsync --archive --verbose --delete /var/lib/gerrit2/review_site/ rsync://gerrit1001.wikimedia.org/gerrit-var-lib/

(Note: We are using rsync protocol directly and 'gerrit-data' and 'gerrit-var-'lib' are the names of rsync modules, not file system pathes. They are defined in "class profile::gerrit::migration".)

Creating new repositories

See mw:Git/Creating new repositories. Those without administrative access to Gerrit should use mw:Gerrit/New repositories instead.

Inspecting an account settings

Since Gerrit 2.15, accounts are stored in All-Users.git. One first need to find the account reference, that can be done by checking which references a user can read on All-Users.git: 

$ ssh -p 29418 gerrit.wikimedia.org gerrit ls-user-refs --project All-Users --user 'johndoe@wikimedia.org' 
refs/meta/config
refs/users/34/1234
refs/users/self
$

Note: for accounts having extended permissions on All-Users.git, that will show all references which is not useful.

Then on the server side (or remotely if you have privileges), you can list the configuration files and dump their content: 

$ cd /srv/gerrit/git/All-Users.git

$ git ls-tree refs/users/34/1234
100644 blob xxx account.config
100644 blob yyy authorized_keys
100644 blob zzz preferences.confg
100644 blob ddd watch.config

$ git show refs/users/34/1234:authorized_keys
ssh-rsa AAAAxyz... RSA-1024

The All-Users database can be browsed locally via git. The easiest way to find a user given the All-Users git repo is to git-grep for the username or email in the refs/meta/external-ids ref: 

$ mkdir All-Users && cd All-Users && git init
$ git pull https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/All-Users refs/meta/external-ids
$ git grep johndoe

Become an Administrator

Gerrit management is granted by the Administrators group which includes the gerrit2 system user and the LDAP group gerritadmin. To gain Administrator right, one thus has to be added in LDAP.

Being an administrator grants all global capabilities as described at Gerrit Access Control - global capabilities.

If right is given as a one off, one would most probably want to be removed from the group once the rights are no more required.


Disabling / Blocking an account

Disable User

This action is limited to Gerrit administrators.

If an account needs to be disabled for some reason, there's three steps to complete:

  • remove the ssh keys
  • set the account to inactive
  • make all Gerrit users re-login

Instead of setting account inactive via gsql you can alternatively use this command: 

$ ssh gerrit.wikimedia.org -p 29418 gerrit set-account --inactive <Username here>

To enable the user again: 

$ ssh gerrit.wikimedia.org -p 29418 gerrit set-account --active <Username here>

And flush the accounts cache on the replica: 

$ ssh gerrit-replica.wikimedia.org -p 29418 gerrit flush-caches --cache accounts

Flush all sessions

Do not flush all sessions when banning a single user. As of May 2019 setting a user to inactive should invalidate their session automagically

Flushing web_sessions caches makes everyone re-login (aka, the sledgehammer). It should not be necessary in most circumstances; however, the command is still in this documentation in case it is needed in an unforeseen situation: 

$ ssh -p 29418 gerrit.wikimedia.org gerrit flush-caches --cache web_sessions

Firewalling Gerrit

On cobalt.wikimedia.org there is /root/firewall.sh and /root/unfirewall.sh, which will shut off access to Gerrit HTTP(S) and SSH. Opsen will find them fairly self-explanatory.

Tasks management

Gerrit queue tasks, given you have the appropriate permission you can run either of: 

$ ssh -p 29418 gerrit.wikimedia.org ps -w
$ ssh -p 29418 gerrit.wikimedia.org gerrit show-queue -w

Tasks can be stuck which starve Gerrit processing. For example people would no more be able to fetch. In such a case, granted you are in the Administrators group you can kill a task by id: 

$ ssh -p 29418 gerrit.wikimedia.org kill <SOMEID>

Replication

Forcing Replication re-runs

When forcing a replication run through gerrit's replication plugin, stay clear of the --all switch, as it breaks renamed projects on github.

For example, both gerrit and github have a mediawiki repository. But github's mediawiki repository is actually mediawiki/core in gerrit. As gerrit also has a mediawiki repository, forcing replication on all projects would push gerrit's mediawiki repository onto github's mediawiki repository. Thereby, github's mediawiki repository falls over, and for examples the release tags from github's mediawiki are gone (cf. task T100409).

This currently (2015-05-28) affects us for at least for the following repos:

Gerrit's name Overloaded name on GitHub
mediawiki/core mediawiki
VisualEditor/VisualEditor VisualEditor
oojs/core oojs

If you by accident forced replication with --all, force replication of the effective gerrit repos to make up for it (i.e.: mediawiki/core, VisualEditor/VisualEditor, ...)

Github

As of July 2018 replication to github requires a repository to be manually created on github using the naming scheme gerrit expects, i.e. / replaced with - (FrEx: operations/debs/trafficserver -> operations-debs-trafficserver.

Github owners will be able to create these repositories.

Once a repository is created, replication to that repo can be forced using the gerrit replication ssh command.

$ ssh -p 29418 gerrit.wikimedia.org replication start operations/debs/trafficserver --wait

Troubleshooting

The group mediawiki-replication must be allowed to read refs/tags/* and refs/heads/* for replication to GitHub to work. This is because it is currently set as the authGroup in replication.config inside etc inside the Gerrit repository home.

Additionally, the replication_log should be checked in addition to the gerrit.log for mention of anything that could be wrong with replication.

Any changes to replication.config should be followed with a restart of the gerrit service to ensure that those changes are active. There is a bug with the replication plugin where it will reload the replication.config (and acknowledge that the configuration has been reloaded in the logs), but actually operate with a broken configuration in an unknown state until a restart.

ORES

ORES mirroring setup is dangerous and unusual, but should, nevertheless, be documented.

The canonical repository for ORES lives on github. This is repository is observed by diffusion. This can done in the Manage Repository section of diffusion code browser. From there, phabricator "Mirrors" that repository (also available in diffusion management settings) to gerrit.

This setup is discouraged.

How to setup Gerrit in a Cloud VPS project

See Gerrit/Running in Cloud VPS.

Monitoring

JavaMelody monitors the state of the Gerrit JVM.

Important Graphs

Gerrit metrics

For users having the | viewCaches capability, various internal Gerrit metrics can be retrieved via:

Which obviously requires authentication. That complements gerrit show-caches.


Logs

Logs are available on the gerrit servers at: /var/log/gerrit/. There are a number of logfiles:

  • gerrit.log: This is the main log file and will show stacktraces and errors
  • gerrit.json: Like gerrit.log bug not really human readable. For sending structured logs to logstash.
  • sshd_log: Log of sshd events
  • gc_log: Logs for git gc not the JVM garbage collection (those logs are available in /srv/gerrit/jvmlogs)
  • plugin_log: Info about plugins being loaded and reloaded, this information is also in gerrit.log

HTTP Logs

Gerrit sits behind apache. Apache access and error logs are both in /var/log/apache2:

  • gerrit.wikimedia.org.https.access.log
  • gerrit.wikimedia.org.https.error.log

Logstash

Gerrit's logs are sent to logstash using log4j. You can find its logs by searching with type:log4j.


Thread Dump

A thread dump is often useful in troubleshooting. To capture a thread dump use jstack. This code should be safe to run at any time, and is run frequently while Gerrit is running: 

sudo -u gerrit2 jstack -l $(pgrep java) > "/srv/gerrit/jstack-$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).dump"

It's often useful to upload the resulting file to https://fastthread.io/ to detect problems.

Java trace

This command isn't run very often, unsure how safe it is to run; kept here for folks who are familiar with jstat

Display a summary of garbage collection statistics every 1000 ms: 

sudo -u gerrit2 /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/bin/jstat -gcutil "$(pgrep -u gerrit2 java)" 1000

Java heap usage

Requires openjdk-X-dbg for the debugging symbols 

  sudo /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/bin/jmap -heap "$( pgrep -u gerrit2 java)"

See also

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