Nova Resource:Wikisource/Wikisource Export

URL: https://ws-export.wmcloud.org
Staging URL: https://ws-export-test.wmcloud.org
Source: https://github.com/wikimedia/ws-export
License: GPL-2.0

We have two VPS instances and two Toolforge tools (one each for prod and test). The latter exist because WS Export used to be hosted there, and the VPSs still use those tools' databases and email addresses.

Creating a new instance

Create a new g2.cores4.ram8.disk80 instance running on the latest Debian (or a g3.cores1.ram1.disk20 for the test instance). Once the instance has been spawned, SSH in and follow these steps:

Install PHP and Apache, along with some dependencies:

sudo apt update
sudo apt -y upgrade
sudo apt -y install php php-mysql php-sqlite3 php-intl php-zip apache2 php-fpm mariadb-client calibre php-curl php-xml php-dom php-mbstring cron

We use the packaged version of Calibre, even though they recommend not to because it can be out of date; it's been working fine for us. Note that Calibre can fail to clean up its temp files in some situations, so we also add the following in /etc/cron.daily/calibre-cleanup:
```
#!/bin/bash

find /tmp /ws-export/var/calibre-temp -path '*calibre*' -user www-data -mtime +1 -exec rm -r {} \;
```

Install some fonts. Mostly these are available in the Debian repositories, but the Mukta family must be installed manually to maintain backwards compatibility (these used to be packaged with the tool's code), and Amiri is not available elsewhere.

sudo apt -y install fontconfig fonts-freefont-ttf fonts-linuxlibertine fonts-dejavu-core fonts-gubbi fonts-opendyslexic fonts-noto fonts-noto-cjk fonts-smc-manjari fonts-smc-gayathri fonts-smc-raghumalayalamsans
wget https://fonts.google.com/download?family=Mukta -O Mukta.zip
wget https://fonts.google.com/download?family=Mukta%20Mahee -O MuktaMahee.zip
wget https://fonts.google.com/download?family=Mukta%20Malar -O MuktaMalar.zip
wget https://fonts.google.com/download?family=Mukta%20Vaani -O MuktaVaani.zip
sudo unzip Mukta.zip -d /usr/local/share/fonts/Mukta
sudo unzip MuktaMahee.zip -d /usr/local/share/fonts/MuktaMahee
sudo unzip MuktaMalar.zip -d /usr/local/share/fonts/MuktaMalar
sudo unzip MuktaVaani.zip -d /usr/local/share/fonts/MuktaVaani
wget https://github.com/aliftype/amiri/archive/refs/tags/1.000.zip -O Amiri.zip
sudo unzip -j Amiri.zip "amiri-1.000/fonts/*" -d /usr/local/share/fonts/Amiri
wget https://github.com/TiroTypeworks/Indigo/archive/refs/heads/main.zip
unzip main.zip
sudo cp -r Indigo-main/fonts /usr/local/share/fonts/Indigo

sudo fc-cache -v

Install composer by following these instructions (we don't include them here because you must validate the download), but make sure to install to the /usr/local/bin directory and with the filename composer, e.g.:
```
sudo php composer-setup.php --install-dir=/usr/local/bin --filename=composer
```

Clone the repository, first removing the html directory created by Apache.

cd /var/www && sudo rm -rf html
sudo git clone https://github.com/wikimedia/ws-export.git tool
cd /var/www/tool

Become the root user with sudo su root

Add a block storage filesystem at /ws-export/ with a directory in it symlimked from the tool's var/ directory:

mkdir /ws-export/var
chown -R www-data:www-data /ws-export/var
ln -s /ws-export/var /var/www/tool/var

Run sudo composer install --no-dev -o
Copy .env to .env.local and edit the environment variables in it.
Make sure that all the files in the repo are owned by www-data.
```
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data .
```

Create the web server configuration file at /etc/apache2/sites-available/wsexport.conf with the following:

<VirtualHost *:80>
        ServerName wsexport.wmflabs.org
        Redirect / https://ws-export.wmcloud.org/
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost *:80>
        DocumentRoot /var/www/tool/public
        ServerName ws-export.wmcloud.org
        
        <Proxy "fcgi://localhost">
            ProxySet retry=0 disablereuse=on
        </Proxy>

        # Requests with these user agents are denied and logged at ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/denied.log
        SetEnvIfNoCase User-Agent "(uCrawler|Baiduspider|CCBot|scrapy\.org|kinshoobot|YisouSpider|Sogou web spider|yandex\.com\/bots|twitterbot|TweetmemeBot|SeznamBot|datasift\.com\/bot|Googlebot|Yahoo! Slurp|Python-urllib|BehloolBot|MJ13bot|SemrushBot|facebookexternalhit|rcdtokyo\.com|Pcore-HTTP|yacybot|ltx71|RyteBot|bingbot|python-requests|Cloudflare-AMP|Mr\.4x3|MSIE 7\.0; AOL 9\.5|Acoo Browser|AcooBrowser|MSIE 6\.0; Windows NT 5\.1; SV1; QQDownload|\.NET CLR 2\.0\.50727|MSIE 7\.0; Windows NT 5\.1; Trident\/4\.0; SV1; QQDownload|Frontera|tigerbot|Slackbot|Discordbot|LinkedInBot|BLEXBot|filterdb\.iss\.net|SemanticScholarBot|FemtosearchBot|BrandVerity|Zuuk crawler|archive\.org_bot|mediawords bot|Qwantify\/Bleriot|Pinterestbot|EarwigBot|Citoid \(Wikimedia|GuzzleHttp|PageFreezer|Java\/|SiteCheckerBot|Re\-re Studio|^R \(|GoogleDocs|WinHTTP|cis455crawler|WhatsApp|Archive\-It|lua\-resty\-http|crawler4j|libcurl|dygg\-robot|GarlikCrawler|Gluten Free Crawler|WordPress|Paracrawl|7Siters|Microsoft Office Excel|MJ12bot|AhrefsBot|dotbot|amp-cloud|naver\.me\/spd|Adsbot|linkfluence|coccocbot|sqlmap|Applebot|MauiBot|PetalBot|FacebookBot|UMichBot|LinuxGetUrl|; MSIE (6|7|8)\.0;|deepnoc)" bad_bot=yes

        # Google Cloud, Amazon AWS among other webhost blocks. Requests are logged at ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/denied.log
        SetEnvIfExpr "%{HTTP:X-Forwarded-For} -ipmatch '136.243.220.214' || %{HTTP:X-Forwarded-For} -ipmatch '89.58.41.156' || %{HTTP:X-Forwarded-For} -ipmatch '107.178.192.0/18' || %{HTTP:X-Forwarded-For} -ipmatch '15.236.0.0/14' || %{HTTP:X-Forwarded-For} -ipmatch '162.250.188.0/22' || %{HTTP:X-Forwarded-For} -ipmatch '18.32.0.0/11' || %{HTTP:X-Forwarded-For} -ipmatch '18.64.0.0/10' || %{HTTP:X-Forwarded-For} -ipmatch '216.218.128.0/17' || %{HTTP:X-Forwarded-For} -ipmatch '3.0.0.0/9' || %{HTTP:X-Forwarded-For} -ipmatch '34.192.0.0/10' || %{HTTP:X-Forwarded-For} -ipmatch '34.64.0.0/10' || %{HTTP:X-Forwarded-For} -ipmatch '35.152.0.0/13' || %{HTTP:X-Forwarded-For} -ipmatch '35.160.0.0/12' || %{HTTP:X-Forwarded-For} -ipmatch '35.184.0.0/13' || %{HTTP:X-Forwarded-For} -ipmatch '35.176.0.0/13' || %{HTTP:X-Forwarded-For} -ipmatch '35.192.0.0/12' || %{HTTP:X-Forwarded-For} -ipmatch '35.208.0.0/12' || %{HTTP:X-Forwarded-For} -ipmatch '35.224.0.0/12' || %{HTTP:X-Forwarded-For} -ipmatch '35.240.0.0/13' || %{HTTP:X-Forwarded-For} -ipmatch '52.0.0.0/10' || %{HTTP:X-Forwarded-For} -ipmatch '52.64.0.0/12' || %{HTTP:X-Forwarded-For} -ipmatch '54.144.0.0/12' || %{HTTP:X-Forwarded-For} -ipmatch '54.160.0.0/11' || %{HTTP:X-Forwarded-For} -ipmatch '54.192.0.0/12' || %{HTTP:X-Forwarded-For} -ipmatch '54.208.0.0/13' || %{HTTP:X-Forwarded-For} -ipmatch '54.216.0.0/14' || %{HTTP:X-Forwarded-For} -ipmatch '54.220.0.0/15' || %{HTTP:X-Forwarded-For} -ipmatch '54.224.0.0/11' || %{HTTP:X-Forwarded-For} -ipmatch '54.64.0.0/11' || %{HTTP:X-Forwarded-For} -ipmatch '45.145.128.0/24' || %{HTTP:X-Forwarded-For} -ipmatch '45.145.130.0/23' || %{HTTP:X-Forwarded-For} -ipmatch '5.133.192.0/19' || %{HTTP:X-Forwarded-For} -ipmatch '194.99.24.0/22' || %{HTTP:X-Forwarded-For} -ipmatch '93.177.116.0/23' || %{HTTP:X-Forwarded-For} -ipmatch '92.38.128.0/20' || %{HTTP:X-Forwarded-For} -ipmatch '185.88.101.0/24' || %{HTTP:X-Forwarded-For} -ipmatch '193.56.72.0/22' || %{HTTP:X-Forwarded-For} -ipmatch '185.88.36.0/22' || %{HTTP:X-Forwarded-For} -ipmatch '193.233.136.0/22' || %{HTTP:X-Forwarded-For} -ipmatch '193.56.64.0/22' || %{HTTP:X-Forwarded-For} -ipmatch '88.218.66.0/23'" bad_bot=yes

        # Calibre env vars: https://manual.calibre-ebook.com/customize.html#id1
        SetEnv CALIBRE_CONFIG_DIRECTORY /tmp/calibre-config
        SetEnv CALIBRE_TEMP_DIR /var/www/tool/var/calibre-temp

        LogFormat "%{X-Forwarded-For}i %t \"%r\" %>s \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" wsexport

        CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log wsexport expr=!(reqenv('bad_bot')=='yes'||reqenv('dontlog')=='yes')
        CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/denied.log wsexport expr=(reqenv('bad_bot')=='yes')
        ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log

        ScriptAlias /tool "/var/www/tool/public"
        Redirect /wikisource-fr-good.atom /opds/fr/Bon_pour_export.xml
        Redirect /opds/fr.xml /opds/fr/Bon_pour_export.xml

        <Location /fpm-status>
                SetHandler "proxy:unix:/run/php/php-fpm.sock|fcgi://localhost"
        </Location>

        <Directory /var/www/tool/public/>
             Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
             AllowOverride All
             Require all granted
             DirectoryIndex index.php book.php
             # Rewrite URLs for Symfony:
             RewriteEngine On
             RewriteRule ^index\.php$ - [L]
             RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
             RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
             RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/fpm-status
             RewriteRule .* /index.php [L]

             <FilesMatch ".+\.php$">
                SetHandler "proxy:unix:/run/php/php-fpm.sock|fcgi://localhost"
             </FilesMatch>
        </Directory>

        <Directory /var/www/tool/>
                Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
                AllowOverride None
                Require all granted
                Deny from env=bad_bot
                <Files "robots.txt">
                        # Allow bots to find out that they're not allowed
                        Allow from all
                </Files>
        </Directory>

        ErrorDocument 403 "Access denied. If you are human and were wrongfully affected by this block, please contact tools.wsexport@tools.wmflabs.org"
        RewriteCond "%{HTTP_REFERER}" "^http://127\.0\.0\.1:(5500|8002)/index\.html" [NC]
        RewriteRule .* - [R=403,L]
        RewriteCond "%{HTTP_USER_AGENT}" "^[Ww]get"
        RewriteRule .* - [R=403,L]
        
        RewriteEngine On
        RewriteCond %{HTTP:X-Forwarded-Proto} !https
        RewriteRule ^/?(.*) https://%{SERVER_NAME}/$1 [R=301,L]
</VirtualHost>

Enable/disable the needed Apache modules, and enable the web server configuration.

sudo a2dismod mpm_event
sudo a2enmod proxy_fcgi
sudo a2dissite 000-default
sudo a2ensite wsexport
sudo service apache2 reload

(Re)start Apache:
```
sudo service apache2 restart
```
Moving forward, you should use sudo service apache2 graceful to restart the server.
Set PHP configuration in /etc/php/8.2/mods-available/wsexport.ini:
```
max_execution_time = 60
memory_limit=512M
error_log=/ws-export/var/log/php-error.log
```
And enable it with sudo phpenmod wsexport

Replace /etc/php/8.2/fpm/pool.d/www.conf with:

[www]
user = www-data
group = www-data
listen = /run/php/php8.2-fpm.sock
listen.owner = www-data
listen.group = www-data
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 10
pm.start_servers = 2
pm.min_spare_servers = 1
pm.max_spare_servers = 3
request_terminate_timeout = 120

Set a global PHP memory limit by creating /etc/systemd/system/php8.2-fpm.service.d/limit.conf with:
```
[Service]
MemoryMax=85%
OOMPolicy=continue
Restart=on-failure
```

Load the limit file and restart PHP-FPM:

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart php8.2-fpm

Add a cronjob to prune the cache twice a day:

00 1,13 * * * /usr/local/bin/wsexport-prune-cache.sh

Where the script is the following:

#!/bin/bash
df /ws-export/
/usr/bin/php /var/www/tool/bin/console cache:pool:prune
df /ws-export/

Set up annual log dump files by running the following weekly (it's located at /etc/cron.weekly/wsexport-dump-logs, and note that you have to put the tool's DB credentials into /etc/mysql/conf.d/wsexport.cnf):

#!/bin/bash
YEAR="$1"
if [ -z "$YEAR" ]; then
  YEAR=$( date +%Y )
fi
LOGDIR=/var/www/tool/public/logs
echo "Dumping logs of $YEAR to $LOGDIR"
mysqldump --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/conf.d/wsexport.cnf \
        --host=tools.db.svc.wikimedia.cloud \
        s52561__wsexport_p books_generated \
        --where="YEAR(time) = $YEAR" \
        | gzip -c > $LOGDIR/$YEAR.sql.gz
chown -R www-data:www-data $LOGDIR
ls -l $LOGDIR

You should also create a symlink to make these logs public at ws-export.wmcloud.org/logs:

ln -s /ws-export/wsexport_logs /var/www/tool/public/logs

Add log rotation to Symfony's logs by creating the file /etc/logrotate.d/symfony with:

/var/www/tool/var/log/*.log {
        su www-data www-data
        daily
        missingok
        rotate 14
        compress
        delaycompress
        notifempty
        create 640 root adm 
        sharedscripts
        postrotate
                if /etc/init.d/apache2 status > /dev/null ; then \
                    /etc/init.d/apache2 reload > /dev/null; \
                fi;
        endscript
        prerotate
                if [ -d /etc/logrotate.d/httpd-prerotate ]; then \
                        run-parts /etc/logrotate.d/httpd-prerotate; \
                fi; \
        endscript
}

You can check that it works by running it directly:

$ sudo logrotate -f /etc/logrotate.d/symfony

crontab summary

Crontab for www-data:

MAILTO=tools.wsexport@tools.wmflabs.org

# OPDS exports.
@daily php /var/www/tool/bin/console app:opds -q -l en --category=Ready_for_export
@daily php /var/www/tool/bin/console app:opds -q -l fr --category=Bon_pour_export

# Prune cache.
00 1,7,13,19 * * * /usr/local/bin/wsexport-prune-cache.sh > /dev/null

# Session cleanup.
@daily find /ws-export/var/sessions/prod/ -atime +2 -exec rm {} \;